Internet Protocol (IP)

IP address gives you the ability to reach nodes on a network

IPv4 is a 32-bit (2³²) unique address.

IPv6 is a 1280bit (2¹²⁸) unique address.

Addresses are written in dot notation (most popular) or hexadecimal notation.

192.168.5.2

IP Address Classes

IP addresses are divided into 5 groups

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E

Classes D and E are reserved for multicast and experimental purposes. Each class has a valid range of IP addresses.

IPv4 addresses are divided into two parts

Network ID
Host ID

The class of an IP address is used to determine the number of bits used for the Network ID, and the Host ID, which ultimately determines the number of hosts on a network. It is the job of the network administrator to assign host IP addresses within a network. Network IP address ranges are assigned through IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).

Network classes binary encoding

The first octet of the entire 32-bit value is used to determine the class of network

You can use binary masking to determine the network class

This piece of code would show the conversion taking place

int ipAddress = 0xC0A80502; // 192.168.5.2
int subClass = ipAddress & 0xF0000000;
System.out.println( Integer.toBinaryString(subClass));

The classification systems allow us to partition networks into domains

Combining these two models together we get

So using the table able Class B network would provide 2¹⁴ networks (16384), with 2¹⁶-2 hosts (65534)

FINEOS

Internet Protocol (IP)

IP Address Classes

Network classes binary encoding

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