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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Provides reliable and error-free communication between Nodes. It performs sequencing and segmentation of data. It also has an acknowledgment feature provides acknowledgment and retry features and controls the flow of the data through a flow control mechanism. It is a very effective protocol but has a lot of overhead due to such features. Increased overhead leads to an increased cost. With such essential features, it’s a costly protocol in terms of performance. However, the reliability outweighs the cost.
TCP is connection-oriented.
UDP (User/Unreliable Datagram Protocol)
Does not provide any of the features that TCP provides. It is the go-to protocol for applications such as video streaming that do not require reliable transport therefore it is very cost-effective.
UDP is connectionless oriented.
Internet Layer (2)
Parallels the functions of ISO 7-Layer Network layer. It defines the protocols which are responsible for the logical transmission of data over the entire network. IP, ICMP, and ARP are protocols that reside at this level
Network Access Layer (1)
Combines the functionality of the IOS 7-Layer Data Link Layer and the Physical Layer. It is responsible the physical connectivity between Nodes